{"id":11813,"date":"2016-03-08T06:00:00","date_gmt":"2016-03-08T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/master.hudo.com\/si\/2016\/03\/08\/zakaj-je-8-marec-dan-zena\/"},"modified":"2016-03-08T06:00:00","modified_gmt":"2016-03-08T05:00:00","slug":"zakaj-je-8-marec-dan-zena","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hudo.com\/si\/lifestyle\/zakaj-je-8-marec-dan-zena\/","title":{"rendered":"Zakaj je 8. marec dan \u017eena?"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n\t\t\t\t\t
8. marec je praznik vseh \u017eensk (Thinkstock)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Dan \u017eena je mednarodni praznik \u017eensk, ki ga praznujemo vsako leto 8. marca. Je dan praznovanja ekonomske, politi\u010dne in socialne enakopravnosti in dose\u017ekov \u017eensk.<\/p>\n

Zgodovina dneva \u017eena<\/h2>\n

Osmega marca 1857 so \u017eenske delavke zaposlene v tekstilnih tovarnah v New Yorku organizirale protest. Uprle so se ne\u010dlove\u0161kim delovnim pogojem in premajhnim pla\u010dam. Policija je protestnice napadla in pridr\u017eala. Dve leti kasneje, prav tako v marcu, so te \u017eenske ustanovile prvi delavski sindikat, da bi se tako lahko vsaj poskusile zavarovati in si pridobiti nekaj osnovnih pravic na delovnem mestu. Osmega marca 1908 se je na ulicah New Yorka zbralo 15 tiso\u010d \u017eensk in zahtevalo kraj\u0161e delovne ure, bolj\u0161o pla\u010do, volilne pravice. Njihov slogan se je glasil \u201cKruh in Vrtnice\u201d. Kruh je simboliziral ekonomsko varnost, vrtnice pa bolj\u0161o kvaliteto \u017eivljenja. V maju je Socialisti\u010dna stranka Amerike razglasila zadnjo nedeljo v mesecu februarju za dr\u017eavni praznik \u017eensk.<\/p>\n

Uradno priznanje mednarodnega praznika dneva \u017eena<\/h2>\n

Toda dve leti kasneje, leta 1910 je na mednarodni socialisti\u010dni konferenci v Kopenhagnu nem\u0161ka feministka in socialistka Clara Zetkin predlagala priznanje mednarodnega praznika \u017eensk. Njen predlog so sprejeli in dan \u017eena namenili po\u010dastitvi boju za \u017eenske pravice, vklju\u010dujo\u010d pravico do volitve. Na tej konferenci pa \u0161e niso izbrali datuma za praznovanje. Leta 1917 so na zadnjo nedeljo v mesecu februarju \u017eenske v Rusiji spet pri\u010dele s protestom, ki je bil tokrat podkrepljen s sloganom \u201cKruh in Mir\u201d, ki je bil odziv na ve\u010d kot 2 milijona Ruskih vojakov, ki so umrli v vojni. Kljub vsem pritiskom \u017eenske s protestom niso prenehale, dokler ni bil car prisiljen k odstopu in je za\u010dasna vlada \u017eenskam odobrila volilno pravico. To se je zgodilo 23. februarja po julijanskem koledarju, ki je takrat \u0161e veljal v Rusiji. Na gregorijanskem koledarju pa je ta dan ozna\u010deval 8. marec.<\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t
\u010clanek prilepi svojemu dragemu na zid, da ne bo pozabil na \u0161opek (Thinkstock)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Enakopravnost \u017eensk v Sloveniji<\/h2>\n

Tudi v Sloveniji so potekali boji za enakopravnost \u017eensk, tako je \u017ee leta 1897 za\u010del izhajati \u017eenski \u010dasopis Slovenka, medtem ko je bilo prvo \u017eensko dru\u0161tvo ustanovljeno leto kasneje. Pomembna je letnica 1906, ko je Marija Urbas kot prva Slovenka doktorirala in sicer iz filozofije na gra\u0161ki univerzi. \u017denske so se \u017ee mo\u010dno pribli\u017eale enakopravnosti s tem, ko je bila leta 1945 uzakonjena splo\u0161na volilna pravica. Leta 1974 je bilo zapisano v ustavo SFRJ dolo\u010dilo, da ima vsaka \u017eenska svobodno odlo\u010danje o rojstvu otrok, tri leta kasneje pa je bila uzakonjena \u0161e pravica vsake \u017eenske do umetne prekinitve nose\u010dnosti iz drugih, ne le zaradi zdravstvenih razlogov. Leta 1989 je za\u010del delovati prvi telefon v sili za pomo\u010d \u017eenskam in otrokom, ki so postali \u017ertev nasilja.<\/p>\n

Slovenke v statistikah<\/h2>\n
    \n
  • Sredi leta 2010 je bilo v Sloveniji nekaj ve\u010d kot 2.049.000 prebivalcev, od tega je dobra polovica je \u017eensk. Povpre\u010dna starost \u017eensk je bila malo ve\u010d kot 43 let, povpre\u010dna starost mo\u0161kih pa skoraj 40 let. Med prebivalci, starimi do 59 let, je ve\u010d mo\u0161kih kot \u017eensk, med starej\u0161imi od teh pa se dele\u017e \u017eensk pove\u010duje in med prebivalci, starej\u0161imi od 90 let, jih je \u017ee 80 %.<\/li>\n
  • Ob nespremenjenih razmerah umrljivosti lahko deklica, rojena leta 2009 v Sloveniji, pri\u010dakuje da bo do\u010dakala nekoliko ve\u010d kot 82 let, de\u010dek pa malo manj kot 76 let.<\/li>\n
  • Leta 1979 so bile matere ob rojstvu prvega otroka stare povpre\u010dno skoraj 23 let, leta 2009 pa \u017ee 28 let in pol.<\/li>\n
  • Leta 2009 je bilo okoli 18.000 diplomantov terciarnega izobra\u017eevanja in od tega je bilo skoraj 62 % \u017eensk.<\/li>\n
  • Dele\u017e \u017eensk se v nekaterih poklicih, ki so neko\u010d veljali za izrazito mo\u0161ke, pove\u010duje. Konec leta 2000 je bilo v voja\u0161kih poklicih pribli\u017eno 9 % \u017eensk, decembra 2010 pa skoraj 14 %. V poklicu policist je bil dele\u017e \u017eensk ob koncu leta 2000 10-odstoten, leta 2010 pa 16-odstoten.<\/li>\n
  • Manj \u017eensk kot mo\u0161kih opravlja vodstvene poklice: med direktorji dru\u017eb je v podjetjih z vsaj 50 zaposlenimi osebami dobra petina \u017eensk.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Drage \u017eenske, danes je na\u0161 praznik. Preberite si o zgodovini 8. marca in nekaj zanimivih dejstev o \u017eenskah.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1091],"tags":[2598],"source":[1356,1334],"supertag":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nZakaj je 8. marec dan \u017eena? - Hudo Slovenija<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/hudo.com\/si\/lifestyle\/zakaj-je-8-marec-dan-zena\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sl_SI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Zakaj je 8. marec dan \u017eena? - Hudo Slovenija\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Drage \u017eenske, danes je na\u0161 praznik. 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