{"id":146429,"date":"2016-10-04T10:28:51","date_gmt":"2016-10-04T08:28:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/hudo.com\/si\/?p=146429"},"modified":"2016-10-04T10:28:51","modified_gmt":"2016-10-04T08:28:51","slug":"v-sloveniji-zivi-okoli-20-000-zivalskih-vrst-jih-je-mnogo-ogrozenih","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hudo.com\/si\/aktualno\/v-sloveniji-zivi-okoli-20-000-zivalskih-vrst-jih-je-mnogo-ogrozenih\/","title":{"rendered":"V Sloveniji \u017eivi okoli 20.000 \u017eivalskih vrst, a jih je mnogo ogro\u017eenih"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Na Zemlji \u017eivi okoli dva milijona \u017eivalskih vrst, v Sloveniji od 15.000 do 20.000. Od tega je 850 endemitov, torej \u017eivalskih vrst, ki \u017eivijo prete\u017eno na ozemlju Slovenije.<\/p>\n

\u017du\u017eelke, med njimi zlasti \u010debele, so najpomembnej\u0161i opra\u0161evalci cvetov in tako neposredno vplivajo na koli\u010dino kmetijskih pridelkov. Vodno rastlinje in \u017eivali ohranjajo samo\u010distilno mo\u010d rek in jezer, za nas morda nepomembni hro\u0161\u010di so hrana pticam in netopirjem, ki poskrbijo za to, da se nam neprijetne ali \u0161kodljive \u017eu\u017eelke ne razmno\u017eijo preve\u010d, in krog je sklenjen.<\/p>\n

“Takih krogov je na tiso\u010de, povezujejo se v verige in prepletajo v mre\u017ee soodvisnosti. Posledice upada biotske raznovrstnosti so \u010dedalje bolj opazne klimatske spremembe, vremenske ujme, siroma\u0161enje prehranskih virov in nestabilnost na\u0161ega \u017eivljenjskega okolja,” opozarjajo na statisti\u010dnem uradu.<\/p>\n

Slovenija velja za “vro\u010do to\u010dko biodiverzitete”, saj po pestrosti \u017eivega sveta sodi med prvih pet dr\u017eav v Evropi. Podzemeljska favna Slovenije s \u010dlove\u0161ko ribico, jamsko \u0161koljko in razli\u010dnimi posebnimi hro\u0161\u010di sodi med najpestrej\u0161e na svetu. Postojnski jamski sistem je z okoli sto \u017eivalskimi vrstami najbogatej\u0161a podzemna jama na svetu, \u010drni mo\u010deril (\u010drna \u010dlove\u0161ka ribica) pa je na\u0161 endemit, znan samo iz dveh najdi\u0161\u010d belokranjskega krasa.<\/p>\n

Vendar je tudi v Sloveniji mnogo \u017eivalskih vrst ogro\u017eenih. Raznovrstnost \u017eivega sveta najbolj ogro\u017eajo posegi v naravna obmo\u010dja, opu\u0161\u010danje ko\u0161nje suhih travi\u0161\u010d, pa\u0161e, opu\u0161\u010danje visokodebelnih sadovnjakov, intenzivna kmetijska dejavnost z gnojenjem in kemi\u010dnimi \u0161kropivi, vnos tujerodnih vrst in podobno. Najbolj so ogro\u017eene dvo\u017eivke, opozarjajo na statisti\u010dnem uradu.<\/p>\n

Ogro\u017eenih je tudi 35 odstotkov vrst dnevnih metuljev. Favna slovenskih metuljev je sicer glede na povr\u0161ino dr\u017eave med najbogatej\u0161imi v Evropi, saj \u0161teje kar okoli 3200 razli\u010dnih vrst, a se je njihova populacija v zadnjih 25 letih zmanj\u0161ala za 60 odstotkov. Poglavitni vzroki so intenzivna raba travni\u0161kih povr\u0161in, zara\u0161\u010danje in izsu\u0161evanje.<\/p>\n

Nevladna okoljska organizacija Zveza ekolo\u0161kih gibanj Slovenije – ZEG je sicer ob svetovnem dnevu varstva \u017eivali DZ in vladi podala javno pobudo za ustanovitev vsedr\u017eavnega Sveta za za\u0161\u010dito \u017eivali in njihovih biotopov in o pripravi posebne uredbe – odloka ter \u0161tudije o stanju gradnje slovenskih cestnih, \u017eelezni\u0161kih prehodov in podhodov za gozdno divjad. “V Sloveniji bi bilo potrebno podro\u010dje lova in ribolova v celoti prenesti v posebni resor vladne slu\u017ebe oz. DZ,” so prepri\u010dani.<\/p>\n

\u017divali so bile od pradavnine naprej pomembne \u010dlovekove spremljevalke – kot vir za pre\u017eivetje, kot pomo\u010dnice pri delu ali kot dru\u017eabnice. Od nekdaj so bile tudi vir simbolike. \u017divali se tako pojavljajo kot simboli na denarju, v grbih in zastavah, na znamkah, posebno vlogo imajo tudi v religiozni, umetni\u0161ki in drugi simboliki. Veliko jih najdemo tudi med danes modernimi sme\u0161ki in drugimi simboli.<\/p>\n

Iz \u017eivalskih poimenovanj so nastali tudi \u0161tevilni slovenski priimki. Okoli 40.000 prebivalcev Slovenije ima priimek, ki je nastal iz poimenovanja za \u017eival. Najpogostej\u0161a sta Kos (3900) in Golob (3850), Medvedov je nekaj \u010dez 2200, Ma\u010dkov in Jelenov pa po 1500. Med pogostimi so \u0161e Jereb, \u010cuk, Jazbec, Volk in Strnad.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vsako leto 4. oktobra obele\u017eujemo svetovni dan \u017eivali. Njegov namen je ljudi opozoriti na zaskrbljujo\u010d polo\u017eaj ogro\u017eenih \u017eivalskih vrst ter jih tako opomniti na pomembno vlogo \u017eivali v vsakdanjem \u017eivljenju in pri ohranjanju pestrosti \u017eivljenjskih okolij, so ob tej prilo\u017enosti zapisali na dr\u017eavnem statisti\u010dnem uradu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":146454,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1179],"tags":[6560],"source":[4511],"supertag":[5675],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nV Sloveniji \u017eivi okoli 20.000 \u017eivalskih vrst, a jih je mnogo ogro\u017eenih - Hudo Slovenija<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/hudo.com\/si\/aktualno\/v-sloveniji-zivi-okoli-20-000-zivalskih-vrst-jih-je-mnogo-ogrozenih\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sl_SI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"V Sloveniji \u017eivi okoli 20.000 \u017eivalskih vrst, a jih je mnogo ogro\u017eenih - Hudo Slovenija\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Vsako leto 4. oktobra obele\u017eujemo svetovni dan \u017eivali. Njegov namen je ljudi opozoriti na zaskrbljujo\u010d polo\u017eaj ogro\u017eenih \u017eivalskih vrst ter jih tako opomniti na pomembno vlogo \u017eivali v vsakdanjem \u017eivljenju in pri ohranjanju pestrosti \u017eivljenjskih okolij, so ob tej prilo\u017enosti zapisali na dr\u017eavnem statisti\u010dnem uradu.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/hudo.com\/si\/aktualno\/v-sloveniji-zivi-okoli-20-000-zivalskih-vrst-jih-je-mnogo-ogrozenih\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Hudo Slovenija\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/hudo.si\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2016-10-04T08:28:51+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/hudo.com\/si\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2016\/10\/profimedia-0277313283.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1250\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"805\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"A. 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