{"id":380686,"date":"2018-11-09T12:33:27","date_gmt":"2018-11-09T11:33:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/hudo.com\/si\/?p=380686"},"modified":"2018-11-09T12:33:27","modified_gmt":"2018-11-09T11:33:27","slug":"silovit-upad-rodnosti-po-svetu-presenetil-celo-raziskovalce","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hudo.com\/si\/aktualno\/silovit-upad-rodnosti-po-svetu-presenetil-celo-raziskovalce\/","title":{"rendered":"Silovit upad rodnosti po svetu presenetil celo raziskovalce"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Globalni pregled rojstev, smrti in bolezni, ki ga je na podlagi podatkov po dr\u017eavah pripravil raziskovalni in\u0161titut IHME, je presenetljivo pokazal, da je rast svetovnega prebivalstva, ki se je z 2,6 milijarde ljudi v letu 1950 do leta 2017 pove\u010dala na vrtoglavih 7,6 milijarde, izjemno neenaka, in to glede na regije in tamkaj\u0161nje prihodke.<\/p>\n

Za raziskavo, ki predstavlja enega najbolj podrobnih pregledov globalnega javnega zdravja, je IHME pregledal 8000 virov podatkov, med katerimi je bilo 600 novih.<\/p>\n

In\u0161titut, ki ga je na Univerzi Washington ustanovila Fundacija Billa in Mellinde Gates, je pri tem ugotovil, da 91 dr\u017eav, ve\u010dinoma v Evropi ter Severni in Ju\u017eni Ameriki, nima dovolj rojstev za ohranitev sedanjega \u0161tevila prebivalcev.<\/p>\n

Najmanj rodna dr\u017eava v Evropi je Ciper, saj tam \u017eenska rodi le enega otroka. V Sloveniji \u017eenska glede na razpredelnico IHME v povpre\u010dju rodi 1,5 otroka.<\/p>\n

Na drugi strani pa je rodnost v obdobju med letoma 1950 in 2017 \u0161e naprej rasla v Afriki in Aziji – v Nigeriji je tako na primer \u017eenska v rodnem obdobju rodila sedem otrok. V Maliju, \u010cadu in Afganistanu imajo \u017eenske v povpre\u010dju po \u0161est otrok.<\/p>\n

Profesor na IHME Ali Mokdad je za francosko tiskovno agencijo AFP komentiral, da je, ko gre za vpliv na rast prebivalstva, najpomembnej\u0161i posami\u010dni dejavnik izobra\u017eevanje. Gre za dru\u017ebenoekonomske dejavnike, a na koncu je glavna izobrazba \u017eensk, je pojasnil. “Bolj ko je \u017eenska izobra\u017eena, ve\u010d \u010dasa bo pre\u017eivela v \u0161oli, bolj bo prelagala nose\u010dnost in na koncu bo imela manj otrok,” je poudaril Mokdad.<\/p>\n

Komentiral pa je tudi, da v dr\u017eavah v razvoju poleg prebivalstva rastejo tudi njihova gospodarstva, kar bo imelo tekom \u010dasa posreden vpliv tudi na rodnost. “V Aziji in Afriki prebivalstvo \u0161e vedno nara\u0161\u010da – ljudje bodo od rev\u0161\u010dine napredovali k bolj\u0161emu prihodku – \u010de ne bo vojn ali nemirov,” je dejal Mokdad. “Po pri\u010dakovanjih bo dr\u017eavam ekonomsko \u0161lo bolje in verjetneje je, da bo rodnost upadla in se izravnala,” je dodal.<\/p>\n

Globalni pregled sicer ugotavlja tudi, da ljudi danes ni le ve\u010d kot pred 70 leti, temve\u010d tudi \u017eivijo mnogo dlje kot kadarkoli poprej. Tako iz raziskave izhaja, da se je pri\u010dakovana \u017eivljenjska doba za mo\u0161ke z 48 let v letu 1950 podalj\u0161ala na 71 let, za \u017eenske pa v enakem obdobju s 53 na 76.<\/p>\n

Dalj\u0161e \u017eivljenje s seboj prina\u0161a zdravstvene probleme oz. ve\u010dje breme za zdravstvene sisteme. Po ugotovitvah IHME so danes bolezni srca globalno najve\u010dji krivec za smrt. \u0160e do 90. let minulega stoletja so bile najve\u010dji ubijalec motnje oz. bolezni pri novorojen\u010dkih, sledile so bolezni plju\u010d in diareja.<\/p>\n

V globalnem pregledu so ugotovili tudi, da se smrtnost zaradi nalezljivih bolezni zmanj\u0161uje z izbolj\u0161evanjem gmotnega stanja dr\u017eav, a na drugi strani to prina\u0161a ve\u010d invalidnosti zaradi dalj\u0161ega \u017eivljenja, je povedal Mokdad.<\/p>\n

Izpostavil pa je tudi nenalezljive bolezni, ki so zavzele mesto nalezljivih, kot so malarija in tuberkuloza (te so od 90. let minulega stoletja ob\u010dutno upadle).<\/p>\n

“Dolo\u010deni na\u010dini obna\u0161anja vodijo v pove\u010danje sr\u010dno-\u017eilnih bolezni in raka. \u0160tevilka ena je debelost – ta vsako leto nara\u0161\u010da, k \u010demur prispeva na\u0161e obna\u0161anje,” je poudaril Mokdad.<\/p>\n

Najvi\u0161je ravni bolezni srca imajo glede raziskavo v Uzbekistanu, Ukrajini in Azerbajd\u017eanu, najni\u017eje pa v Ju\u017eni Koreji, na Japonskem in v Franciji.<\/p>\n

Sicer pa so projekcije IHME glede nara\u0161\u010danja \u0161tevila globalnega prebivalstva v veliki meri v skladu z ocenami Zdru\u017eenih narodov, po katerih bo na svetu do sredine stoletja ve\u010d kot 10 milijard ljudi. To pa zastavlja vpra\u0161anje, koliko ljudi lahko Zemlja \u0161e prenese.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V skoraj polovici sveta je pri\u0161lo do ob\u010dutnega upada rodnosti, kar pomeni, da prizadete dr\u017eave nimajo dovolj otrok za ohranitev \u0161tevila svojega prebivalstva, ka\u017ee raziskava, objavljena v strokovni reviji Lancet. Raziskovalce je ta ugotovitev mo\u010dno presenetila, \u010deprav iz \u0161tudije izhaja tudi, da je v dr\u017eavah v razvoju rodnost \u0161e vedno v vzponu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":370247,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1179],"tags":[1652,1538,5879,1701,1869],"source":[4511],"supertag":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nSilovit upad rodnosti po svetu presenetil celo raziskovalce - Hudo Slovenija<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/hudo.com\/si\/aktualno\/silovit-upad-rodnosti-po-svetu-presenetil-celo-raziskovalce\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sl_SI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Silovit upad rodnosti po svetu presenetil celo raziskovalce - Hudo Slovenija\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"V skoraj polovici sveta je pri\u0161lo do ob\u010dutnega upada rodnosti, kar pomeni, da prizadete dr\u017eave nimajo dovolj otrok za ohranitev \u0161tevila svojega prebivalstva, ka\u017ee raziskava, objavljena v strokovni reviji Lancet. Raziskovalce je ta ugotovitev mo\u010dno presenetila, \u010deprav iz \u0161tudije izhaja tudi, da je v dr\u017eavah v razvoju rodnost \u0161e vedno v vzponu.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/hudo.com\/si\/aktualno\/silovit-upad-rodnosti-po-svetu-presenetil-celo-raziskovalce\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Hudo Slovenija\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/hudo.si\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2018-11-09T11:33:27+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/hudo.com\/si\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/05\/profimedia-0296291941.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1250\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"952\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"A. 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