{"id":407789,"date":"2019-10-07T11:46:58","date_gmt":"2019-10-07T09:46:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/hudo.com\/si\/?p=407789"},"modified":"2019-10-07T13:07:51","modified_gmt":"2019-10-07T11:07:51","slug":"letosnja-nobelova-nagrada-za-medicino-dvema-americanoma-britancu-za-odkritja-kako-celice-obcutijo-kisik-se-mu-prilagajajo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hudo.com\/si\/aktualno\/letosnja-nobelova-nagrada-za-medicino-dvema-americanoma-britancu-za-odkritja-kako-celice-obcutijo-kisik-se-mu-prilagajajo\/","title":{"rendered":"Leto\u0161nja Nobelova nagrada za medicino dvema Ameri\u010danoma in Britancu za odkritja, kako celice ob\u010dutijo kisik in se mu prilagajajo"},"content":{"rendered":"

Temeljni pomen kisika, je bil poznan \u017ee stoletja, a to, kako se celice prilagajajo na spremembe v dostopnosti kisika, dolgo ni bilo znano, so navedli na in\u0161titutu. Delo, ki letos prejme Nobelovo nagrado za medicino oziroma fiziologijo, pa je odkrilo molekularne mehanizme, ki predstavljajo osnovo za prilagajanje celic spremembam v ravni kisika.<\/p>\n

Ti mehanizmi regulirajo aktivnost genov v odgovor na razli\u010dne ravni tega \u017eivljenjsko pomembnega elementa. Ko je raven kisika nizka, je del proteina, imenovan HIF-1-alfa, za\u0161\u010diten pred razgradnjo in se nabira v jedru celice, kjer se zdru\u017ei s proteinom ARNT in pove\u017ee s dolo\u010denimi deli DNK v genih.<\/p>\n

Ob obi\u010dajni ravni kisika pa proteasom oziroma velik proteinski kompleks hitro razgradi HIF-1-alfa. Kisik proces razgradnje regulira z dodajanjem hidroksilnih skupin (OH) temu proteinu. Pri tem pomembno vlogo igra tudi protein VHL, ki lahko zazna in oblikuje kompleks z HIF-1-alfa in vodi v njegovo razgradnjo na na\u010din, odvisen od kisika.<\/p>\n

Ob\u010dutenje kisika s strani celic je osrednjega pomena pri \u0161tevilnih boleznih, med drugim pri raku in anemiji, ter pri metabolizmu, razvoju zarodka in imunskih odzivih. Kot so sporo\u010dili z in\u0161tituta, so leto\u0161nji Nobelovi nagrajenci izjemno prispevali k podro\u010dju fiziologije in tlakovali pot novim, obetavnim strategijam za boj s temi boleznimi.<\/p>\n

“Intenzivni stalni napori v akademskih laboratorijih so zdaj osredoto\u010deni na razvoj zdravil, ki lahko posredujejo pri razli\u010dnih stadijih bolezni, in sicer tako, da aktivirajo ali pa blokirajo te mehanizme,” so dodali.<\/p>\n

V Stockholmu so tako razglasili dobitnike prve leto\u0161nje Nobelove nagrade, ki jo bodo prejeli na slovesnosti 10. decembra, na obletnico Nobelove smrti. Nagrajenci prejmejo denarno nagrado v vi\u0161ini devet milijonov \u0161vedskih kron (830.000 evrov), ki si jo bodo Ameri\u010dana in Britanec razdelili.<\/p>\n

Lani sta Nobelovo nagrado za medicino prejela ameri\u0161ki in japonski imunolog James P. Allison in Tasuku Honjo, ki sta razvila posebno imunoterapijo za zdravljenje raka.<\/p>\n

V torek bodo razglasili leto\u0161njega prejemnika Nobelove nagrade za fiziko, v naslednjih dneh pa \u0161e za kemijo, knji\u017eevnost, mir in ekonomijo. Pri nagradi za knji\u017eevnost bodo razglasili prejemnika za leti 2018 in 2019.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Leto\u0161njo Nobelovo nagrado za medicino prejmejo Ameri\u010dana William G. Kaelin in Gregg L. Semenza ter Britanec Peter J. Ratcliffe za odkritja, kako celice ob\u010dutijo kisik in se mu prilagajajo, je danes v Stockholmu sporo\u010dil in\u0161titut Karolinska.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":147299,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1179],"tags":[6853,9580],"source":[4511],"supertag":[6103],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLeto\u0161nja Nobelova nagrada za medicino dvema Ameri\u010danoma in Britancu za odkritja, kako celice ob\u010dutijo kisik in se mu prilagajajo - Hudo Slovenija<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/hudo.com\/si\/aktualno\/letosnja-nobelova-nagrada-za-medicino-dvema-americanoma-britancu-za-odkritja-kako-celice-obcutijo-kisik-se-mu-prilagajajo\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sl_SI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Leto\u0161nja Nobelova nagrada za medicino dvema Ameri\u010danoma in Britancu za odkritja, kako celice ob\u010dutijo kisik in se mu prilagajajo - Hudo Slovenija\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Leto\u0161njo Nobelovo nagrado za medicino prejmejo Ameri\u010dana William G. 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